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A technological monster born of the Cold War

To understand what happened last night, we must first understand what the Orechnik is—a Russian word meaning “hazelnut tree” that is anything but idyllic. This intermediate-range ballistic missile is the direct successor to the RS-26 Roubej, itself a derivative of the RS-24 Iars, a Russian intercontinental ballistic missile. The RS-26 program had been put on hold in 2018 due to a lack of funding, sacrificed in favor of next-generation hypersonic systems like the Avangard. But Moscow never abandoned the idea. And the Orechnik rose from those ashes.

It first appeared on November 21, 2024, when it struck a military factory in Dnipro, in central Ukraine. At the time, Putin had presented this strike as a response to Ukrainian attacks carried out with American ATACMS and British Storm Shadow missiles. The world watched in astonishment as images emerged of six successive flashes falling from the sky like meteorites. Property damage was limited—likely because the missile lacked an explosive payload and was used for demonstration purposes. But the message got through.

Staggering Specifications

The figures from the Orechnik are mind-boggling. According to Vladimir Putin himself, this missile can reach a speed of Mach 10, or approximately 12,350 km/h. Ukrainian military intelligence even measured a speed exceeding Mach 11 during the November 2024 test launch—more than 13,600 km/h. To give you an idea, that’s 2.5 to 3 kilometers per second. By the time you finish reading this sentence, the Orechnik would have traveled 15 kilometers.

Its range is between 3,000 and 5,500 kilometers, making it a medium-range missile—just below the threshold for intercontinental ballistic missiles. But make no mistake: if launched from the Russian Far East, it could theoretically reach the west coast of the United States. And as Pavel Podvig, a researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, noted, “the Orechnik can threaten virtually all of Europe.” Paris, London, Berlin—all within range.

When I read these numbers, I have a hard time wrapping my head around them. 13,000 km/h. Three kilometers per second. It’s so fast that it’s almost abstract. But imagine this: you’re in Kyiv, you hear the sirens, and you have a few minutes—maybe less—to take cover. Except that against a hypersonic missile, there’s no shelter. Current air defense systems are powerless against it. That’s what terrifies me. We’re talking about a weapon against which we’re helpless. And Putin knows it.

Sources

Primary sources

BFM TV – “Russian Orechnik Missile Fired in Ukraine: France, the United Kingdom, and Germany Condemn ‘Escalation’ as ‘Unacceptable’” – January 9, 2026

Le Figaro – “War in Ukraine: Russia claims to have struck ‘strategic targets’ using the Orechnik hypersonic missile” – January 9, 2026

Le Parisien – “War in Ukraine: Russia uses the powerful Orechnik missile, killing four and causing considerable damage” – January 9, 2026

Secondary sources

BFM Business – “What are the capabilities of the Russian Orechnik missile that struck Ukraine last night?” – January 9, 2026

Russian Ministry of Defense – Official Statement – January 9, 2026

Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Statements by Andrii Sybiha – January 9, 2026

European Union – Statements by Kaja Kallas – January 9, 2026

This content was created with the help of AI.

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